The smallest particle
In summer, a team of researchers working with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), said that opened the Higgs boson, which is called the "God particle." The Higgs boson - is the last missing piece in the Standard Model - the generally accepted theory today about the structure of the universe.
The so-called God particle was predicted in 1960 by the English physicist Peter Higgs to explain why some particles such as quarks, electrons and protons have have mass, while other particles, such as photons - are not.
It has long been desired particle can complete the standard model of physics, explaining why the objects in our universe have mass, and hence why the galaxies, planets and even people have a right to exist. According to the theory, when the universe began to cool after the Big Bang, the hypothetical force was formed, known as the Higgs field, together with its quantum - eponymous boson.
This field permeates the entire universe, explains the emergence of the mass of the particles that formed the atoms. Without him, the existence of particles just floated in space to the speed of light. It is known that particles having a mass accelerated to the speed of light can not. The weight they gain just as contact with the Higgs field.
Since the "catch" the Higgs boson is not possible, then the only way to confirm today its existence - is to collect and analyze a large amount of information about the collisions of elementary particles and reveal special "stereotype of splitting", which can be accompanied by nothing but "God particle." That is what the scientists working on the LHC.
These sets of similar experiments on the LHC detectors were submitted to two independent groups of scientists from the CMS and ATLAS. At first the result of a bit has not held up to the level of scientific discoveries from the second opening took place.
"We are seeing a new boson with a mass of about 125 GeV. CMS detector" sees "a new particle - the level of statistical significance of the signal in the individual channels the search exceeded the required five standard deviations," - said the representative of the group CMS Joe Incandela.
He noted that the statistical significance of the combined results of searches in all five channels is 4.9 sigma - 0.1 sigma less than the opening level. In this case, two of the five channels search particles exceeds the statistical significance level is 5 sigma. In the ATLAS GROUP saw "clear evidence of the existence of a new particle, with a significance level of 5 sigma (which corresponds to the opening level), with a mass of about 126 GeV."
Large Hadron Collider built a 100-meter depth under the border of France and Switzerland. It is a 27-kilometer circular tunnel, which is set particle accelerator in the form of a giant pipe. Studies in the LHC in opposite directions run beams of protons that are accelerated to very high speeds, close to the light, and then a part of them collide with each other, resulting in the need to be born and new elementary particles.
In September 2011 the first group of experimental physicists announced that neutrinos sent from the CERN laboratory near Geneva to an underground Italian laboratory Gran Sasso at a distance of 732 km, arrive at the detector 60 nanoseconds earlier than the flow of light in a vacuum at the same distance . This was contrary to the theory of relativity, Albert Einstein, but in February 2012 the experts from the Gran Sasso acknowledged that the error indicators affected devices.
In summer, a team of researchers working with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), said that opened the Higgs boson, which is called the "God particle." The Higgs boson - is the last missing piece in the Standard Model - the generally accepted theory today about the structure of the universe.
The so-called God particle was predicted in 1960 by the English physicist Peter Higgs to explain why some particles such as quarks, electrons and protons have have mass, while other particles, such as photons - are not.
It has long been desired particle can complete the standard model of physics, explaining why the objects in our universe have mass, and hence why the galaxies, planets and even people have a right to exist. According to the theory, when the universe began to cool after the Big Bang, the hypothetical force was formed, known as the Higgs field, together with its quantum - eponymous boson.
This field permeates the entire universe, explains the emergence of the mass of the particles that formed the atoms. Without him, the existence of particles just floated in space to the speed of light. It is known that particles having a mass accelerated to the speed of light can not. The weight they gain just as contact with the Higgs field.
Since the "catch" the Higgs boson is not possible, then the only way to confirm today its existence - is to collect and analyze a large amount of information about the collisions of elementary particles and reveal special "stereotype of splitting", which can be accompanied by nothing but "God particle." That is what the scientists working on the LHC.
These sets of similar experiments on the LHC detectors were submitted to two independent groups of scientists from the CMS and ATLAS. At first the result of a bit has not held up to the level of scientific discoveries from the second opening took place.
"We are seeing a new boson with a mass of about 125 GeV. CMS detector" sees "a new particle - the level of statistical significance of the signal in the individual channels the search exceeded the required five standard deviations," - said the representative of the group CMS Joe Incandela.
He noted that the statistical significance of the combined results of searches in all five channels is 4.9 sigma - 0.1 sigma less than the opening level. In this case, two of the five channels search particles exceeds the statistical significance level is 5 sigma. In the ATLAS GROUP saw "clear evidence of the existence of a new particle, with a significance level of 5 sigma (which corresponds to the opening level), with a mass of about 126 GeV."
Large Hadron Collider built a 100-meter depth under the border of France and Switzerland. It is a 27-kilometer circular tunnel, which is set particle accelerator in the form of a giant pipe. Studies in the LHC in opposite directions run beams of protons that are accelerated to very high speeds, close to the light, and then a part of them collide with each other, resulting in the need to be born and new elementary particles.
In September 2011 the first group of experimental physicists announced that neutrinos sent from the CERN laboratory near Geneva to an underground Italian laboratory Gran Sasso at a distance of 732 km, arrive at the detector 60 nanoseconds earlier than the flow of light in a vacuum at the same distance . This was contrary to the theory of relativity, Albert Einstein, but in February 2012 the experts from the Gran Sasso acknowledged that the error indicators affected devices.
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